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About: Irawatii
- Irawati Ika
- Bangkok, Thailand
- An INdonesian, an undergraduate student, a daughter of wonderful family, a thinker, a feminist, and a future revolutioner *i hope*. Studying in Ahmad Dahlan University,Faculty of Letters, English Literature department. Currently joining Thammasat University, Faculty of Liberal Arts, British and American Studies department as an exchanged-student under MIT (Malaysia-Indonesia-Thailand) program
Samuel P. Huntington concludes that while there may be an immigration problem, it isn’t really serious problem; the really serious problem is assimilation. It extremely emphasizes on the difficulty of integrating into a different culture. Fortunately, Chinese as an ethnic that has moved beyond the bounds of its Empire since centuries ago is acknowledged as a successful tribe to undertake assimilating experiences. Recently, it can be found almost in worldwide, including in Thailand. Some influences also become the impact of assimilating process by Chinese into Thai society. Chinese has changed Thai architecture.
The first major kind of Thai architecture is the temples that excessively gain Chinese influence. These temples exhibit a distinctive circular wooden entry door and representation of the best Chinese architectural styles. Chinese- Thai temple can also be designated trough the use of ornamental decoration, such as porcelain fragments, which encourage the effect of gleaming elegance. The application of porcelain parts and testifies in its harmony and coordination is highly represented Chinese culture. The temples have within its interiors decorations made out of many colors and textures. Those characteristic can also seen in most of Thai temples. These works include the unique temples such as Wat Pho, Wat Suthat, Wat Chalerm Prakiet and Wat Arun, Wat Raja Oros, Wat Khruawan, Wat Nang Nong, and Wat Bangkhunthian Nai. Also, Khlong Bangkok Yai was inspired by Chinese designs. The best example of such spectacular architecture can be seen at Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok containing exquisite carving. Chinese has contributed to change the basic of architectural idea of Thai temple.
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| Grand Palace: Temple of Emerald Buddha |
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| Erawan: Phra Phrom Shrine |
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| Chiang Mai Dragon Temple |
On the other side, there is an opponent that asserts the contemporary Thai home designs less represent Chinese architecture. It insists that Chinese do not participate to the development of Thai architectural idea. Nevertheless, although Thai home designs are excessively full of modern influence but most Thai home are likely to have a small Chinese shrine to worship gods. Even some Thai people, who do not have Chinese roots, also have a Chinese shrine at home. The shrine is usually red in color and set on the floor. It represents the god who controls the ground upon which the house is built. Also, the cult and respect of ancestors is the base of the Chinese religion. It represents particular part of Chinese architecture becomes the foundation of modern Thai home designs.
Another opponent believes that what many people realize as Chinese-Thai architecture is original Thai art and it is fully separates from Chinese culture. Its supporters reveal difficulties to define what certain culture in a multicultural society, including architecture, is made up of. However, they often forget that Thai society and its tolerance are very likely to open its door for new knowledge. Moreover, those are supported by the Chinese and Thai religious background and their intensive contacts. Actually, the beginning of Chinese architectural influence came when the reign of Rama III. Many Chinese financed the construction and restoration of Thai Buddhist temples with royal encouragement. Rama III also employed many Chinese artisans and materials for the work, so it is unsurprising that Chinese designs found their way into the architecture and décor. Therefore, Thai-Chinese architecture is the result of two art concepts united into one new representation.
The compatibility of Chinese and Thai architecture reinforces the statement that Chinese has given its influence to Thai culture, especially architecture. Thai temple, shrine, and sculptural ornament are significantly assimilated from Chinese culture. Their designs, ornaments, interiors and purposes have adopted Chinese identity.
References:
Haguma Robert reveals that public policies are designed to solve social problems or exploit opportunities that can avail themselves for the improvement of social welfare. Recently, marijuana policy project becomes the most flourishing political topic in some states. There are many opinions that emerge to support and refute legal marijuana laws. In this article, we will discuss why all citizens have to stand against marijuana legality.
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National Institute of Drug Abuse asserts that the use of marijuana can produce adverse physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral effects. Because marijuana affects brain systems needed by all humans to think, it will specifically be critical threat for students that are very requested for their healthy brain to comprehend academic stuff. Marijuana can impede teens' ability to learn. It causes the lacks of thinking ability, reading comprehension, and verbal and mathematical skills. The low academically scored students are more likely to involve with marijuana than the students that achieve the high score in class. It will be a problematic for country because teenagers will inherit and shape country’s future. In brief, it is supposed to be the main national concern to guarantee teenagers’ education and life.
Proponents of marijuana legality argue that the government could earn money from taxes on marijuana sale. The government could gain many dollars from the taxes it could impose on its sale. Furthermore, it will also help country to support economy through its supplying of job vacancy. New industrial will make the burgeoning new jobs for many citizens. Nevertheless, the terrible marijuana impacts can achieve the highest peak than its profit to country. It will make profit but it will also request more fund to solve the problem caused by marijuana legality. It will demand fund to bring to justice someone that gets trouble because of marijuana. Also, government should provide more fund to rehabilitate marijuana users from them dependence of its drugs. Violence and country’s damage will request for much more donations to cover up all of marijuana relating accidents.
Another notion claims that marijuana contains the useful medical substance that outweighs its potential abuse. Marijuana is considered as the most necessary chemical that is capable to support the healing progress of a patient. However, that invalid opinion is refuted by the fact there are many more efficacious substance except marijuana that can be used for medical necessity. The Institute of Medicine concluded that smoking marijuana is not recommended for the treatment of any disease condition. In addition, there are more effective medications currently available. For those reasons, the Institute of Medicine concluded that there is little future in smoked marijuana as a medically approved medication.
References:
Steps to produce an argumentative essay:
- Brainstorming
- Make an outline (plan)
- Start to produce an essay
#2 OUTLINE: make a plan of writing
MARIJUANA LEGALITY
Introduction:
Paragraph 1:
Thesis statement: All citizens have to stand against the legality of marijuana.
Body:
Paragraph 2: Pro Argument 1
Marijuana tends to give bad impacts to physical and psychological tenacity
- The impact includes a faster heartbeat and pulse rate, bloodshot eyes, and a dry mouth and throat.
- One of psychological impacts is the acute panic anxiety reaction.
- Another impact is to cause psychologically dependent.
Paragraph 3: Pro Argument 2
Marijuana encourages the increase of crime rate.
- Marijuana weakens the stream of consciousness
- People’ awareness will be experienced under consciousness after using marijuana
- People will unconsciously break the law (Also explain the concrete cases of those crimes)
Paragraph 4: Pro Argument 3
Marijuana is likely to participate to children and teenagers’ life.
- The children and teenagers often lose interest and are not motivated to do their schoolwork.
- The effects of marijuana can interfere with learning by impairing thinking, reading comprehension, and verbal and mathematical skills.
- The damage of teenagers’ life will cause the trouble for country’s future.
Paragraph 5:
Counter Argument 1: Marijuana will help the country’s economy
Refutation 1: It will make profit but it will also request more fund to bring to justice someone that gets trouble because of marijuana
Paragraph 6:
Counter Argument 2: People should struggle for their liberalization idea
Refutation 2: Government has right to regulate its citizens
Paragraph 7:
Counter Argument 3: It is about productions, distributions, and its sale, not the usage and abuse. (Also explain about marijuana in medical interest)
Refutation 3: There is no one that will guarantee the marijuana legalization will never impact to support the emergence of its abuse.
Conclusion:
Paragraph 8:
Restated statement: Marijuana has many unpredictable bad effects to our life so that we have to ignore the issue to legalize it.
Steps to produce an argumentative essay:
- Brainstorming
- Make an outline (plan)
- Start to produce an essay
#1 BRAINSTORMING: Put all ideas on paper
- Free writing: write whatever ideas flowing out from your mind. Give 5 minutes to do it rapidly. Don't think about grammar, ideas structure, and logic. It will help you to generate ideas and find certain topic.
e.g.: Drugs; Bad impacts; Good impacts; Health; Medical; Government; Laws; Policy
- Focused free writing: the similar step as above but you will attempt to generate specific idea than think about all things in mind.
e.g.: Marijuana; Legality; Abuses; Children; Society; Country's conditions
- Brainstorming: try to relate words, phrases, details, examples, and thoughts.
e.g.: Marijuana increases country's economy; Marijuana for medical necessities; Marijuana influences physical and mental tenancy; Marijuana relates to children and teenagers' future; Marijuana encourages crime cases.
Topic: Drugs
Issue: Marijuana Legality
Benjamin Disraeli states: “a university should be a place of light, of liberty, and of learning”. However, nowadays many universities compete to attract a wide range of students without any development of better learning formats in their institutions. Fortunately, there are some universities that still commit to improve their learning performance so that it will support to achieve the learning objectives. One of those is Thammasat University that always attempts to reform its education systems to provide the best learning service to its students. Therefore, Thammasat University stands as an exemplary university that provides facilities, research institution, and extracurricular supporting students’ learning progress.
One of some reasons why Thammasat University can be classified as top university is because it is capable to serve a great range of facilities needed by its students. The facilities include bank, bookstore, IT, dormitories, libraries, post office, press, radio station, sport center, and medical services. These facilities will benefit to encourage its students gaining the best way of learning. For instance, students will face extreme difficulties if there is no press media in the body of education institutions. Everybody needs press to share information and news because press is a media to bring enlightenment in certain issues. Thammasat tries to help its students to escalate the broader knowledge through press. Another example, medical services also become the most important facility in TU. Students will be guaranteed affordable medical service, a full range of medical equipment, and many competent medical experts. All of medical services can be gained by students without any charge. Therefore, all facilities served in TU are very beneficial to support students in their learning progress.
Secondly, TU is able to organize the useful research institutions. These institutions commit to some aspects of knowledge such as health, pharmacy, economics, politics, and literature, and many other branches of study. As a learning college, TU is expected to contribute on human thinking development. Furthermore, TU will not only give benefit to such internal parts as students, staffs, and lecturers, but it also assists in the expansion of human intellectual ideas. TU at least has four research resources which are Thai Khadi Research Institute, the Human Resources Institute, the Information processing Institute for Education and Development, and the Institute of East Asian Studies. TU Research institutions have succeeded to donate on the moral and intellectual human development. Investigating the research quality can be the best way to appraise an education system. It motivates Thammasat to form the committed research institutions. Until recent times, Thammasat still has ability to maintain its researches.
Thirdly, TU facilitates its students in evolving their creativity through what it is called “extra curriculum activities.” Thammasat students begin to improve not only perspicacity but also their creativity through basketball, Thai boxing, dancing, and other students’ activities. It is important for humans to have intelligence, but creativity also is demanded by occupations and work environments. Thammasat has attempted to build organization to accommodate all students’ activities so that TU alumni are expected to have both creativity and intelligence. Thammasat serves the media to improve students’ creative talented activities. Academic matters always become the main objective of all Thammasat students; however, their outside-class activities reveal a great deal about them. Those activities give big benefit to determine a meaningful contribution and train to manage time and priority. Therefore, TU classroom learning is not simply in the form of theory but TU students will be able to apply knowledge from their class to the real world. TU students will get experience from volunteer work, religious organizations, sport activities, and some other actions. For example, medical students can spend their time to work at hospital, explain about healthy life to common, and also tutor primary and elementary school students. They were trained to give contributions to society as well as to learn real-world skilled such as team work, leadership, and organization skills. All extra curriculums help students to manage their needs and interests.
In short, TU successes to have predicate as an exemplary university that always gives fully equipped facilities, innovative research institutions, and creative extracurricular. A university cannot be categorized as convenient university if it is unable to facilitate and serve the high standard of learning systems. TU is considered as top university because it can commit to defend its best learning quality.
::A Mid-Term Examination of Academic Reading and Writing Class::
Usually, somebody undertakes sport either to fill their free time or to expand their hobbies. No wonder there are many branches of sport which are enable many people to do. They also usually include material exertion and competitiveness in it. However, there are some kinds of sport that don’t require a huge amount of power and indeed need a high existence of thinking. Hence, we can arrange sport into three categories based on the balance of mental and physical necessity as its purpose.
Sport with less exertion has the similar concept to hobbies. It usually concentrates on the mental than on the physical utmost. It never fulfils the physical expectation to the subjects because the main aim someone practices this sport is to obtain pleasure. Some sport such as golf, chess, equestrian, and archery belong to the category of less power sport. All of those sports need brain to undertake and give mental satisfaction after the subject practice those sports.
Different from the category of previous sport, there is sport which requires both mental and physical activities. These two elements have to run in balance. For example, football players should have their own tricks to conquer their opponents. Also, they should have massive strength to do their tricks rightly. It is not the simple activity to be undertaken by someone of certain group in competition. Therefore, there are many people like football as entertainment. Now, football competition becomes one sport activity which is very popular both to be done and to be watched. Except football, other sport such as basketball, volleyball, and baseball also require both main necessities above.
The last category is sport with the high degree of power. To produce sweat as much as possible is the purpose of human majorities. They practice this sport to win their physical necessity. This kind of sport ignores the brain usage. Some examples of this sport include wrestling, boxing, and marathon.
In summary, sport can be classified into three categories: sport with less physical and much mental necessity, sport with the balance of both physical and mental necessity, and sport with less mental and much physical necessity. Each of all kinds of sport above has its different purpose from others. Thus, if you want to choose what sport you will undertake, it will be better to you to definite your purpose of doing sport.
:: When I was a second year student, I produced it on my writing class.
:: When I was a second year student, I produced it on my writing class.
An expression ‘love will make our life more colorful’ has represented human feelings. Its feelings are composed of happiness and admiration as well as empathy and loyalty. However, love will take a turn for the worse if you face the similar love experience to me. My story took place two years ago when my ex-boyfriend hurt me and declared that our relationship ended. Since that moment, I considered my life would be worthless. Fortunately, I succeeded to find my prescription for being happy every time so that I was ready to run my life without love.
Changing my worldviews is the first step in my prescription. At first, my life was always hidden my first unpleased love experience and now I am brave to become stronger woman without any love problem. I feel my life lighter than before because love will not burden me with its doctrine anymore. At first I deemed love as the most important thing in life and now it becomes the secondary thing I am not obligated to get and give. According to me, love is important but it is not the most important. I am convinced that I am able to become better although I am not being in love. Now my important thing is continuing my life for my dreams. I think I can get love from the other people such as my parents, relations, and friends. Moreover, I am also able to become the high-quality single without any people that will confine me to not do my activities. Many worldviews change I have done for my life delivered me to become stronger woman.
Having known I do not have any relationship, now I am customized to fill all days with many activities. I focus on the positive things in my self, in all interesting and tremendous things that I have. I occupied my self with the useful activities. Actually, all human have hobbies, and so do I am. I always used my time to do and expand my hobbies instead of being unemployed. Much alike with hobbies are habits. My habits that I usually do after being no relationship are listening to favorite music and reading both printed form and browsed form in cyberspace. I will compile my songs in I-pod and make my life more colorful with music. After doing my activities, I usually treat my body so that it will make my appearance fresh. Now, I have enough self-confidence to get socialized.
Broadening my friendship with everyone is also my ways to ignore my feeling of love. Now, I begin to associate with everyone from various circles of society. I will maintain my old-friends and increase my new-friends. Occasionally I act the foolish behavior together with my friends and laugh will become the interesting refreshment to me. That is why I would always expand friendship although I have had the most equal partner to fill my feeling for being in love.
In short, my three steps for being happy without love have helped me to forget my last love experience. I will change my worldviews, fill my days with activities, and broaden friendship if I feel I do not get pleasure from this life because of not being in love. Will you follow my prescription I have shared with you if you get the love problems?
:: When I was a second year student, I produced it on my writing class.
:: When I was a second year student, I produced it on my writing class.
A survey from National Association of Children Protection tells that most of our teenagers are smokers, drinkers, and drug addicts. The government has tried to decrease the percentage of those usages by teenagers. Many associations also elucidate some high-schools students in the seminars about teenagers’ life. Those efforts are expected to support the teenagers’ moral improvement. However, based on my opinion, all of the effort should begin at the family circle with parents’ role. Since there are many reasons for teenager to smoke, drink, and use drugs, parents have to talk about lessons of life to their children.
The first reason why teenagers are smoker, drinker, and drug addict is because they around the ages of 16 stand on the transition from childhood to adult life. They start to introduce with adolescent life with the unbalance of emotion and ideology. They also face on many problems to definite their own ways. However, they want to deserve the acknowledgment of their independence so that all people can not intervene on their behalf. Consequently, they often take a wrong way to make decision.
Another reason is because teenagers are much likely to gain the influence from their friends. Moreover, teenagers are unable to appraise what their friends’ suggestion. Whereas, it is no guarantee that all they share always give the good results. Often they share such bad behavior as smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs each others. It is undeniable that environment also becomes the reason why parents should give their teenagers some life lessons.
After identifying two reasons above, we can concentrate on one reason that teenagers do not understand deeply much information about the impact of their bad habits. Although most of teenagers feel that they have managed their life by themselves, they can not ignore the perception that actually they do not have more knowledge and experience about life than their parents. In the other hand, teenagers are averse to agree with their parents’ advice because often they have experienced the mentally striking conflicts with their parents. However, it is the parents’ duty to still give some perspective of life so that their children will never step on the wrong path.
For conclusion, teenagers are weak and do not have much experience. It is easy to influence them with bad things. Although it is hard to give an input of knowledge to them, parents should still try to talk to teenagers about the danger of smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs. I am convinced that the parents’ contribution is much needed for teenagers to still walk on the right ways.
:: When I was a second year student, I produced it on my writing class.
:: When I was a second year student, I produced it on my writing class.
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